![]() Specifically, it is assumed that there are five major moral foundations including: (1) “Care,” which focuses on not harming others and protecting the vulnerable (2) “Fairness,” which assumes equivalent exchange without cheating to be good (3) “Ingroup,” which concerns a collective entity instead of individuals, such as family, nation, team, and military (4) “Authority,” which postulates respect for authority, resulting in maintaining the hierarchy and (5) “Purity,” which involves a feeling of disgust caused by the impure. The central principle of the MFT is that people inherit a limited number of conceptual templates used for their intuitive classification of observed acts that are potentially relevant to morality. This intuitionist model of moral judgment has produced voluminous empirical research as well as a comprehensive theoretical framework-this is now formulated as the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). A central message from this flourishing body of research is that people quickly decide whether a particular act is morally right or wrong however, it takes them a relatively long time to provide a “why” explanation for their judgment. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭurrently, one of the most active research areas in social and behavioral sciences pertains to how and on what grounds ordinary people form moral judgments. įunding: This research was supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers 15H03446 and JP17H06383 in #4903, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR16D6, and JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR17A4. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data are available at. Received: ApAccepted: FebruPublished: March 25, 2019Ĭopyright: © 2019 Matsuo et al. The J-MFD can be used to study morality unique to the Japanese and also multicultural comparisons in moral behavior.Ĭitation: Matsuo A, Sasahara K, Taguchi Y, Karasawa M (2019) Development and validation of the Japanese Moral Foundations Dictionary. We found that the J-MFD correctly categorized the Japanese participants’ descriptions into the corresponding moral foundations, and that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) scores correlated with the frequency of situations, of total words, and of J-MFD words in the participants’ descriptions for the Harm and Fairness foundations. ![]() We next tested the validity of the J-MFD by analyzing open-ended written texts about the situations that Japanese participants thought followed and violated the five moral foundations. We developed the first Japanese version of the MFD (referred to as the J-MFD) using a semi-automated method-this serves as a reference when translating the MFD into other languages. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. Translated versions of the MFD are therefore needed to study morality across various cultures, including non-Western cultures. However, the applicability of the MFD is limited because it is available only in English. Returns the dictionary view object that provides a dynamic view of all the values in the dictionary.The Moral Foundations Dictionary (MFD) is a useful tool for applying the conceptual framework developed in Moral Foundations Theory and quantifying the moral meanings implicated in the linguistic information people convey. Updates the dictionary with the key-value pairs from another dictionary or another iterable such as tuple having key-value pairs. ![]() If the defaultvalue is not specified then it set None value. If the key not found, then it adds the key with the specified defaultvalue. Returns the value of the specified key in the dictionary. Pairs are returned in Last In First Out (LIFO) order. Removes and return a tuple of (key, value) pair from the dictionary. If a key does not exist in the dictionary, then returns the default value if specified, else throws a KeyError. Returns a dictionary view object that contains the list of keys of the dictionary. This view object changes when the dictionary changes. ![]() Returns a dictionary view object that provides a dynamic view of dictionary elements as a list of key-value pairs. Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.Ĭreates a new dictionary from the given iterable (string, list, set, tuple) as keys and with the specified value. Removes all the key-value pairs from the dictionary.
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